Overview of
Construction Contracts – General ODOT Organization
District Construction needs
to communicate with the Central Office on many issues. The primary contacts are within the Division of
Construction and Division of Contracts. The Table of Organization for ODOT is
shown below.
http://www.dot.state.oh.us/SiteCollectionDocuments/ODOT_TO.PDF
The Central Office Division
of Contracts responsibilities include policy and standard procedure
development, support services, and quality assurance. More specifically, its
role is to:
·
Work with other
offices to develop specifications and policies that apply to the day-to-day
operations at the project level.
·
Act as a liaison
with other offices, the various trade organizations, and FHWA on matters
concerning ODOT's specifications, policies, and
procedures.
·
Act as a
consultant to the Districts in matters concerning contract administration.
·
Provide training
to the Districts in contract administration.
·
Review and report
the effectiveness of various construction methods and materials and provide
advice on their use.
·
Conduct Quality
Assurance Reviews (QAR) to ensure that ODOT's policies, procedures, and specifications are being
followed uniformly.
·
Develop the
performance measures by which the Districts are judged.
·
Conduct the
administrative closing of contracts.
·
Provide support
to the Districts, Testing, and Estimating Offices.
The responsibilities
described above are of a general nature. The Division of Construction also has
some specific approval functions that relate directly to the District. They are as follows:
·
Answer legal
questions and provide dispositions regarding claims.
·
Answer pre-bid
questions through the Office of Estimating.
·
Testify and
report extra work to the State Controlling Board.
·
Create and
publish the Construction and Material Specifications along with the quarterly
publication of all other specifications.
·
Track and report
on change orders and provide feedback to Production Offices.
·
Test materials
and develop specification, including new product review.
·
Estimate analysis
of trends, bid review, and change order support.
As mentioned above, the
Division of Construction is responsible for the Office of Construction
Administration, the Central Laboratory and the Office of Estimating. The Office of Construction Administration has
experts in the areas of concrete, asphalt, traffic, bridges, contracts, and
scheduling who can provide advice to the Districts and initiate specification
or policy changes.
The Division of Construction
Management Policies and Standard Procedures can be found online at the
following website:
http://www.dot.state.oh.us/Divisions/ConstructionMgt/Pages/ConstructionPolicies.aspx
All District responsibilities
begin with the District Deputy Director (DDD). The DDD, through the Highway Management Administrator (HMA) and the District Construction Administrator, is
responsible for the administration of all contracts sold for the construction,
reconstruction, and maintenance of the highway system within the District.
While Central Office's
responsibilities are primarily general in nature, the District's
responsibilities are administration of all contracts. The following is a
summary of various District responsibilities required by state policies and
procedures as they relate to contract administration:
·
Ensure that all
work done on each project is performed in accordance with the project's
requirements (plans, proposal, specifications, supplemental specifications,
special provisions, etc.)
·
Approve all
change orders that do not require approval by the Director as defined in
Section 109 of this Manual.
·
Approve all time
extensions and waivers.
·
Review the
contractor/subcontractor certified payrolls for compliance with the contract
requirements.
·
Review the
Contractor's performance and compliance with the contracts Equal Employment
Opportunity requirements.
·
Approve all
estimates for work completed on the projects.
·
Perform the final
inspection and approve the final inspection report.
·
Review the
project records to ensure that all requirements have been met.
·
Monitor Local
Participating Agency (LPA) projects to ensure compliance with FHWA
requirements.
·
Prepare and
approve the Final Package on the project.
·
Issue the final
acceptance letter and submit the finalized project to the Auditor.
In addition, the District is
responsible for the following general project requirements and
responsibilities:
·
Provide a
description of the work through the plans, proposal, specifications, supplemental
specifications, and special provisions.
·
Provide a method
to pay for completed work.
·
Provide a project
site with full access for the Contractor to begin work. This includes
right-of-way purchases and utility relocations.
·
Furnish an
adequate and trained inspection/engineering force at the project level.
·
Secure good
workmanship by the Contractor. This involves the monitoring, by the project
staff, of all operations for compliance with the documents described above.
·
Arrive at
decisions in a thoughtful manner with due consideration of all facts involved.
·
Make decisions in
a timely manner to avoid undue delay.
·
Promptly pay the
Contractor for completed work.
·
Monitor the
Contractor's compliance with the legal aspects of the contract, such as
prevailing wage and equal employment opportunity requirements.
·
Review the
Contractor's work zone traffic control to ensure the public can pass through
the work zone with the least amount of interference.
·
Respond to any
complaints or questions in a timely manner.
Almost everything done at the
project level affects another party. Because of this, the project personnel are
constantly subject to pressures from outside sources. Always be mindful of the
needs of these parties, the effects of the project on them, their relationship
to the project and their affect on the project.
The general responsibilities
and requirements assigned to each District rest in the hands of the District
Construction Office and specifically the District Construction Administrator (DCA). This person, with the approval of the District Deputy
Director and Highway Management Administrator, is responsible for the
administration of the contracts involving the construction, reconstruction, and
maintenance of the District's highway system as well as local projects
involving state and federal aid on the state's system. The DCA
is responsible for assigning personnel to projects for contract administration.
In addition, the DCA will work to resolve any issues
that arise on these projects at the lowest possible level.
Each county is under the
supervision of a County Manager. The County Manager will be involved with all
work within the county and will ultimately be the owner of the construction end
product.
Although the primary parties
to any contract administered by ODOT are the Contractor and ODOT, other
political subdivisions may also be involved either directly or indirectly.
During the administration of each project, these relationships should be
recognized and addressed.
The Federal Highway
Administration (FHWA) is involved in many projects administered by ODOT.
Federal funds are available for many programs and are utilized by both ODOT and
local political subdivisions for improvement to their roadway systems. Their
involvement varies with the type of project and its location on the National
Highway System (NHS). FHWA's
philosophy for review of federal aid projects has evolved over the years and
now is as follows:
Many contracts involve direct
local participation. The Local Participating Agency (LPA) will provide funds
for their portion of the contract and the remainder of the funds may be
provided by either FHWA or ODOT or both. These projects may be administered by
the Local or the Department. If the
Local administers the project, the Department will monitor the project through
the District Construction Monitor. See
the Locally Administered Transportation Project Manual of Procedures for
guidelines.
If ODOT administers the
project, the LPA will still have to live with the project after completion.
Therefore, with this in mind, ODOT should invite the LPA to the preconstruction
meeting and all progress meetings. In
addition, ODOT should keep the LPA informed about all changes to the
contract. This is especially true when
dealing with changes requiring large increases in the local participation.
The LPA must be involved in
the final inspection. Additionally, the
LPA must give their final approval and acceptance to the project.
Administration
of Construction Contracts at the Project Level
In order to implement both
the letter and spirit of any contract, it is necessary to have clearly defined
lines of authority and communication between ODOT and the Contractor. This
section will present a framework to establish these lines.
The purpose of this section
is to give guidance to the project personnel on how to administer the physical
work of the contract.
The Engineer is in charge of
all details on the assigned project. The Engineer is the direct representative
of the Department and has immediate charge of engineering details of each
construction project. The Engineer is
responsible for the administration and satisfactory completion of the
project. The Engineer has the authority
to reject defective work, suspend work being improperly performed, and order
the replacement of defective material.
It is important to note that
the Engineer’s acceptance does not constitute a waiver of the Department’s
right to pursue any and all legal remedies for defective work or work performed
by the Contractor in an unworkmanlike manner.
The Engineer is responsible
for the following:
·
Assignment of the
inspection duties at the project level.
·
Instruction of
the inspection force in the requirements of the project and the items being
constructed including:
o
Addenda, proposal
and supplemental specifications, and equipment (e.g., concrete testing kit).
·
Review of
materials to be incorporated in the work. This may involve rejection of
materials.
·
Timely payment
for work performed by performing the following activities:
o
Input daily diaries
on SiteManager, review estimates, verify payrolls,
and obtain approval of sampled materials.
·
Determining the
need for change orders within the scope of the contract.
·
Monitoring the
project and discussing progress schedule with Contractor's Superintendent.
·
Maintaining
project records:
o
Construction
daily diary, CA-D-3
or
4.
o
Work performed.
Contractor's equipment, materials, and significant events of the day.
o
Job
correspondence.
o
Letters from
contractors, utility companies, and other public agencies, as well as any
correspondence from District or internal agencies.
o
Minutes from
project progress meetings, including who attended, items discussed, and
resolutions to problems.
o
Other pertinent
documents.
o
Shop drawings,
working drawings, and erection procedures.
·
Addressing and
resolving job site problems in a timely manner.
·
Providing the
Contractor with specific information regarding the usage of contingency
quantities or "as directed" items.
·
Reporting to
District Construction Administrator any major change in conditions, traffic
accidents, or status of project.
·
Determining final
quantities, ensuring the Contractor completes the Punch List items, completing
project files, and scheduling final inspection.
The Inspector is the front
line ODOT representative at the project level.
The Inspector has authority to inspect all work performed and materials
used. The Inspector also has authority to reject non-conforming materials and
to suspend operations until problem is resolved by Engineer. The Inspector can
neither alter the contract nor issue orders contrary to the contract.
The Inspector is responsible
for the following:
·
Inspection of all
work performed. This inspection will be done in accordance with ODOT policies
and this manual and includes daily record keeping.
·
Reporting
quantities of work satisfactorily completed in the units established by the
contract.
·
Data entry into SiteManager, Inspector's daily diary, CA-D-3
or
4, AP-1, drawings of work performed
·
Inspecting and
sampling the materials incorporated into the work.
·
Rejecting
unsuitable materials and suspending operations until an issue is resolved by
the Engineer or DCA.
·
Inspection of the
material incorporated into the project.
·
Being familiar
with manuals and specifications of items of work being inspected.
·
Communicating
daily issues to the Engineer.
·
Communicating
with Contractor to ensure proper installation of work.
The Inspector cannot waive
the Department’s right to pursue any and all legal remedies for defective work
or work performed by the Contractor in an unworkmanlike
manner.
The Contractor's
Superintendent is responsible for the work.
He/she must be capable of reading and thoroughly understanding the plans
and specifications and be experienced in the work. There will be only one
superintendent who shall have full authority to execute instructions of the
Engineer and shall be in charge of all construction operations regardless of
who performs the work.
The Engineer should know if
the Superintendent can agree to extra work, get the equipment needed to get the
job done, and know if they can follow through with final quantities agreed on.
The Contractor must provide a
superintendent on the project at all times.
The Superintendent is responsible for all aspects of the work,
irrespective of the amount of work subcontracted.
The Contractor bears sole
responsibility for the quality of work and compliance with the contract
regardless of the Department’s level of inspection.
The Contractor is responsible
for the following:
·
In order to
submit a bid that adequately reflects the conditions of the contract, the
Contractor must research all aspects of the contract, such as visiting the
project site, understanding the plan notes, and reviewing all plan
requirements.
·
The Contractor
must notify ODOT of the project's starting date and keep ODOT informed of the
proposed schedule of operations. This allows ODOT to anticipate engineering and
inspection needs and therefore, efficiently manage staff.
·
The Contractor
must provide a list of material suppliers. ODOT will review the proposed list
and obtain required samples. The list should be submitted early to avoid delays
associated with sampling and testing.
·
The Contractor
must carry out the work on the project in a diligent manner utilizing adequate
labor.
·
In order to
manage the project efficiently and to avoid project related problems, the
Contractor must be aware of all federal, state, and local laws that apply. Many
of the legal requirements of the contract are addressed in the proposal, but
the Contractor must also be aware of other regulations, such as safety, which
is not thoroughly detailed in ODOT's specifications,
but is extremely important. ODOT requires the Contractor to protect and
indemnify ODOT from all claims and liability resulting from negligence or
willful violations.
·
When open to
traffic, the Contractor must maintain the project in order to permit the public
to move safely through. This includes using clean, readable signs, traffic
control devices, and maintaining the project free of debris.
·
Once notified of
problems, the Contractor must respond quickly to correct the problem. This is
extremely important when public safety is involved.
Coordination
of the Contract Documents (105.04)
Contract documents are
prepared to promote agreement between the various parts of the plans and
specifications that control the work. In case of disagreement between the plans
and specifications, the following will govern in descending order:
·
Addenda
·
Special
provisions/proposal
·
Plans
·
Calculated
Dimensions
·
Scaled Dimensions
·
Supplemental
Specifications
·
Standard
Specifications
The Contractor shall take no
advantage of any apparent error or emission in the plans or specifications. In
the event the Contractor discovers such an error or emission, the Contractor
shall immediately notify the Engineer.
The proposal details numerous
bidding, EEO, regulatory, special issues, and general
requirements of the contract. The
proposal may include details for incentives and schedule requirements. It also includes a list of bid items and the
wage rates that are in effect for the project.
The proposal language overrules all plan and specification items.
The plans show details of
structures, the line, grades, typical cross-sections
of the roadway, and the location and design of structures. The Contractor
shall, at all times, keep one set of project plans available at the project
site. No changes shall be made to the plans except as approved by the Engineer.
The plans shall be
supplemented by working drawings when required to control the work adequately.
Working drawings shall be furnished by the Contractor. Working drawings shall
not be prepared until the applicable field and plan elevations, dimensions, and
geometries have been verified by the Contractor. Specific items of work shall
require working drawings. These requirements are stated in the specification
section that is applicable to the item of work. See table below for typical
examples of number of copies and where to submit the different types of working
drawings.
ITEM |
DRAWING |
COPIES |
DESTINATION |
Structural steel and other metal items, prestressed
concrete members, precast concrete structural elements joint sealing devices
and other similar items requiring either shop or field fabrication |
3 |
Central Office |
|
Overhead sign support |
2* |
District |
|
Roadside sign support |
2* |
District |
|
Signal poles |
2* |
District |
|
Traffic signal heads |
2* |
District |
|
Sections 200
thru 600
of the Construction and Material Specifications are used to obtain
the workmanship compliance required for each item. These specifications are
typically arranged in the following manner:
·
Description
·
Materials
·
Construction
Requirements
·
Method of
Measurement
·
Basis of Payment
Section 700
of the Construction and Material Specifications describes the
material requirements.
Supplemental Specifications
(SS) are stand-alone specifications that usually have their own pay items.
The SS800
is a specification called out on every project that provides
corrections, revisions, and updates to the Construction and Material
Specifications.
Utilities will be encountered
on most construction projects. The proposal will include a utility note that
designates the utility names and times that they will be relocated. The plans should include the detailed locations
of the utility changes. If the utility owners fail to relocate or adjust
utilities as provided for in the contract documents and the Contractor sustains
losses that could not have been avoided by the judicious handling of forces,
equipment, and plant, or by reasonable revisions to the schedule of operations,
then the Engineer will adjust the contract by change orders. Change orders associated with utilities
should properly denote one of the following reasons codes:
14, UTILITY RELOCATION
DELAY.
15, IMPROPERLY LOCATED
UTILITY.
16, UNKNOWN UTILITY.
17, DELAY CAUSED FOR
REASONS OTHER THAN UTILITIES.
Prior to hauling equipment or
materials, the Contractor will provide written notification to the Engineer of
the specific roads or streets on the haul route. The following procedure should be followed:
·
The Contractor
requests, through ODOT, that certain local roadways be used for hauling
material and equipment to and from the project.
·
ODOT reviews the
request and contacts the LPA.
·
If there is no
objection by ODOT or the LPA, the roadway is designated as a haul road.
·
The roadway's
condition is reviewed prior to hauling.
·
If, during the course
of the project, the roadway becomes dangerous, ODOT will have the Contractor
repair it.
·
Once the project
is completed, the condition is reviewed again.
·
The roadway will
be restored to its original condition either through the contract or by other
means.
The purpose of this section is
to establish uniform practices for administering borrow and waste areas on or
off the right-of–way. It is the
Department’s policy to approve requests to locate borrow
and waste areas providing that:
·
The location
would not adversely affect the highway.
·
The material is
disposed of legally.
·
The disposal
minimizes the Department’s future liability.
·
All environmental
laws are observed.
·
The offsite
locations are serving the public and land owners best interest.
·
The areas are
restored according to the contract.
Material from outside the
right-of-way used in embankment construction is considered to be borrow even
though it is not paid for as borrow.
Therefore, this section applies to all borrow and waste areas, including
areas from which material is furnished and paid for under “203 Embankment,” as
well as areas from which material is furnished and paid for under “203 Borrow.”
Requests from the Contractor
to locate borrow and waste areas shall be directed to the Engineer, who shall
either approve or disapprove the request.
Action on each request shall be based on the information contained in
the plan submitted by the Contractor, approvals from other ODOT Offices,
certifications from environmental consultants, and other supplemental
information available to the Engineer.
See Section 107.10 for criteria for evaluating borrow and waste
environmental and other significant issues.
Specific considerations,
which are made a part of the general conditions for approval include, but are
not limited to the following:
1. All of the general information listed in A through G
of 105.16 is addressed in the Contractor’s submittal.
2. For borrow and waste areas which will not become ponds
when the work is completed:
a. The area shall be graded to ensure positive drainage.
b. Restoration of all borrow and
waste areas shall include cleanup, shaping replacement of topsoil, and
establishment of vegetative cover by seeding, and mulching according to 659.
3. For pits which will become ponds when the work is
completed:
a. In general, ponds are not considered objectionable,
and often are considered highly desirable by property owners and persons engauged in conservation
of natural resources and wildlife. The
creation of additional ponds from borrow pits can provide enhanced
environmental benefits providing that they are constructed properly to avoid
shallow stagnant water and are left in a condition to present an aesthetically
pleasing appearance. If the pond is on
the right-of-way, then approval should be sought from the County Manager and
District Production since the District may not want to take the long-term
responsibility for the pond.
4. Borrow Pit Final Grading:
a. The tops of the pit slope shall be at least 25 feet
(8m) from the highway right-of-way. This
distance may be increased if there are slope stability or erosion
problems. Twenty-five feet (8m) has
worked well in the past.
b. Borrow pit slopes adjacent to the highway shall not be
steeper than 3 to 1, and all other borrow pit slopes shall not be steeper than
2 to 1.
c. The borrow pit must be left in a condition
satisfactory to the Engineer to blend with adjacent topography when the work is
completed.
Slope stability problems
resulting from borrow and waste area construction is the sole responsibility of
the Contractor. The Department is keenly
interested in the Contractor’s filling and cutting operations. The Department must assess the potential for
settlement and future slides. The proper design and construction of the borrow and waste areas are provided in 105.16 and references in the Location and Design Manual.
Most of the stability and
settlement issues can be evaluated by using the following general guidance:
1. If the material is placed according to C&MS, use a
maximum slope of 2:1. Use a 3:1 slope if
the embankment is higher than 30 feet (9 m).
2. Only end dump in nonstructural locations. Use a 4:1 slope if the material is end
dumped. These areas may need to be
re-graded at some future time. Large
settlements should be anticipated if the material is end dumped in lifts greater
than 3 feet (1 m).
3. Areas with soft foundations should be closely
evaluated when the fill height is greater than 20 feet (6.1 m).
4. If the off-site location exceeds the above criteria,
or when constructing a non-structural fill, then the property owner should be
explicitly told in the agreement with the Contractor. The borrow or waste
agreement must explicitly state that the property owners know that these
location may settle and potentially slide.
If this is not explicitly stated, then the public may be misled in
believing that the final fill will be stable.
The Department has a stake in making sure that the property owner is not
misled.
5. For proposed locations in the right-of-way that
exceeds the above criteria or looks suspicious, contact the District
Geotechnical Engineer or the Office of Geotechnical Engineering.
The EPA regulates materials
that come from structure removal, pipe removal, clearing or grubbing, and tree
and brush removal operations. The EPA encourages the reuse of construction
materials.
The OAC
3745-37, OAC-3745-400, and ORC Chapter 3714
regulate the use and disposal of this material.
The law is governed by the OEPA or the Local
Boards of Health, whichever has jurisdiction.
The law governs the debris from construction sites that are not covered
under solid or hazardous waste or other regulations. Use the following links:
http://codes.ohio.gov/orc/3714
http://codes.ohio.gov/oac/3745-27-01
By the EPA definition,
construction and demolition debris is the material resulting from the
alteration, construction, destruction, rehabilitation, or repair of any manmade
physical structure. Those materials are
those structural and functional materials comprising the structure and
surrounding site improvements (e.g., fences, sidewalks). The definition identifies structures that are
included and materials that comprise the structure, which are considered
debris. Any materials that are removed
prior to demolition or are not part of the structure and surrounding site will
not be considered debris.
The contract documents may
require TCLP (Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure)
testing of the debris prior to transport and disposal.
Debris does not include
materials identified or listed as solid wastes, infectious wastes, or hazardous
waste.
The rule identifies other
process materials (e.g., mining operations, non-toxic fly ash, etc.) that are
not debris.
The legal removal and
disposal of all of the following materials are the responsibility of the
Contractor. The specifications have been
radically changed to address these issues. All parties to the project should monitor
the Contractor’s work to minimize the Department’s future liability.
Clean hard fill material
(asphalt millings) or Portland cement concrete material (or mixtures of these
materials with soil, aggregate etc.) coming from pavement or structural removal
operations. Clean hard fill may be used
as:
·
Fill, recycled,
or taken to an approved Construction and Demolition Debris Site.
·
Fill on or off
the project provided the material is acceptable under Item 203. If the material is being used as fill off the
site, the OEPA or local board of health in the area
of the filling operations needs written notification seven days prior to the filling
operation. See the definition of
“on-site.”
·
These materials
cannot be indiscriminately piled up and left.
These materials must be placed in fill areas not in disposal piles.
·
May be taken to a
recycling operation for recycling and storage.
Storage must be less than two years.
Construction Debris such as
wood, plaster, etc. in whole or mixed with clean hard fill.
These materials are:
·
Usually
associated with building debris.
·
Do not meet the 203 embankment specifications and cannot be used in fill
operations.
·
Must be taken to
an approved construction demolition debris site or licensed solid waste
disposal facility.
This law also regulates the
disposal of landscape waste that result from roadway clearing and grubbing
operations. Landscape wastes include
brush, trees, stumps, tree trimmings, branches, weeds, leaves, grass, shrubbery,
yard trimmings, crop residue, and other plant matter, excluding soil and
garbage. The Department of Agriculture
and the local authorities regulate the transportation of this waste to prevent
the spread of the Emerald Ash Borer and the Asian Longhorned
Beetle.
These wastes may be re-used
by:
·
Constructing a
wildlife habitat according to published guidelines from the Ohio Division of
Wildlife, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Services, or Natural Resources Conservation
Services. This is subject to local board
of health or local OEPA approval.
·
Chipping waste
into mulch and using or donating it for use on- or off-site.
·
Selling or
donating the waste for non-burial beneficial purposes.
·
Using the waste
for any beneficial use or re-use approved by the local OEPA
Offices or the local board of health.
·
Using the waste
as fill material on-site from which the waste was generated. Item 203, Embankment, does not allow these wastes in embankments
or structural areas. On-site placement
is permitted in non-structural areas. See 105.16, Borrow and Waste, “Stability and Settlement
Concerns,” in this manual. OEPA guidance for on-site
means any location on the right-of-way.
This can be outside the construction limits or even on other state owned
properties. If large amounts of these
wastes are to be generated, then the Designer may provide specific right-of way
locations to dispose of these wastes. See the Borrow and Waste Areas (105.16) section, “Approval of Wasting on the Right-of-Way,”
in this manual.
All landscape wastes
associated with ODOT projects are required to be disposed of at an appropriate
landfill.
These wastes may be disposed
of by:
·
Open burning
(requires special permitting of OEPA, local
authorities, special equipment, and site management).
·
Composting at an OEPA registered composting facility.
·
Sending material
less than 4 inches (10.6 cm) in size to a sanitary landfill and materials
greater than 4 inches (10.6 cm) in size to a construction and demolition debris
landfill. Leaves cannot be taken to a
construction and demolition debris landfill.
In recent years, we have
increased the amount of Portland cement concrete waste that is wasted on and
off the right-of-way.
Large accumulation of
Portland cement concrete waste can cause high pH runoff in the range of 11 to
12. Runoff with a pH of 12.5 is
considered a hazardous waste. Uncontrolled
disposal of Portland cement concrete waste can cause significant environmental
degradation in the ground water and surrounding water bodies.
The potential for
environmental problems are a function of the availability of water, geometry of
the flow net, permeability of the material, and the distance to a water body or
ground water.
To minimize these potential
future environmental problems, the specifications have been changed. In 105.17, the following is
required (see Figure 105.17.A):
·
Mixing of the
inner core of the Portland cement concrete waste with at least 30 percent
soil.
·
Covering the mixed
Portland cement concrete waste with 3 feet (1 m) of soil on the top and 8 feet
(2.4 m) on the sides.
·
Placing and
compacting the Portland cement concrete waste according to 203.06.D.
Figure
105.17.A Typical Drawing of the Wasting of Portland Cement Concrete Waste